Benchmarks are what Lakeland students MUST absolutely know. They are drawn from Lakeland and State curriculum standards and ISAT Learning Continuum.

1. Please see important appendices at end of K-3 Reading/Language Arts Curriculum Guide: These include ISAT Reading and Language Vocabulary.

2. ISAT Proficiency Scores for 2^nd Grade will be determined in Spring 2008.

VOCABULARY AND WORD ANALYSIS

1. Use all cueing strategies to fluently read 2^nd grade text: context clues, word analysis, phonics cues, syntax cues

2. Read a second grade bank of 300 high-frequency words

3. Apply phonetic skills to identify words using:

A. Consonants

B. Short and long vowels

C. 2 and 3 letter Blends

D. Digraphs

E. Diphthongs

F. Beginning, medial and ending sounds

4. Locate information using alphabetical order to the second letter

5. Use guide words to determine where a word would be located in a dictionary

6. Identify and develop structural analysis skills to determine the word meanings:

A. Base/root words

B. Prefixes

C. Suffixes

7. Identify and apply knowledge of the following to determine word meanings

A. Compound words

B. Contractions

C. Syllabication rules

D. Word families

E. Antonyms

F. Synonyms

G. Homonyms

H. Homophones

I. Similes

J. Alliteration

K. Homographs (wind, short i—wind, long I, read vs. read)

8. Read and understand abbreviations appropriate to grade level

COMPREHENSION

1. Follow two step written directions.

Before Reading

1. Identify titles, table of contents and chapter headings to locate information

2. Use prior knowledge to make predictions about the text

During Reading

1. Use information from simple charts, graphs and diagrams.

2. Connect text to self, the world and to other texts (Compare their own experiences and knowledge to that of characters and events in a story.)

3. Infer the meaning of an unfamiliar word by using context clues

4. Use the following punctuation cues: commas, periods, question marks, apostrophes, bold print, and quotation marks to guide meaning and fluency.

5. Integrate all cueing systems (syntax, grapho-phonics, context clues) to gain understanding of text

6. Predict the outcome of a story

7. Read with fluency, clarity and expression

8. Self corrects/rereads sentences when meaning is unclear

9. Differentiate between fact and opinion

After Reading

1. Identify/infer the main idea and supporting details

2. Identify the sequence of events that occur in a story (first, then, next…..)

3. Identify the setting (time and place), problem and solution of a story

4. Identify/infer feeling tone, traits, motives and mood of characters

5. Identify cause and effect

6. Discriminate between non-fiction and fiction

7. Draw conclusions from a story

8. Choose the best title for a story

9. Summarize the plot of a story

10. Retell the story

11. Answer questions who, what, when, why, how

12. Identify the author’s purpose (to entertain, to persuade, to inform)

13. Compare and contrast (characters, stories…)

LITERATURE

1. Listen to legends and read folk tales, from the U.S. and other countries

2. Distinguish between reality and fantasy in reading selections

3. Read a variety of poems

4. Select and read books for personal reading and pleasure

REFERENCE AND LIBRARY SKILLS CURRICULUM

The reference and library skills curriculum is to be taught by both classroom teachers and the district media specialist. However there are some objectives which are specific to library usage. These objectives are marked to denote that they are specifically introduced by the district media specialist and reinforced by the classroom teacher.

1. Organization of materials

A. Alphabetizing

1. Locate a book in the primary section by the author’s last name

2. Know that the spine label tells where the book is placed on the shelf

A. Subject headings

1. Know that books on specific subjects may be located in the nonfiction section of the library media center

3. Locate a book on a specific subject with the assistance of the teacher or library personnel

4. Fiction and nonfiction

A. Determine the difference between fiction and nonfiction books in the most obvious instances

B. Locate books with assistance in the fiction collection that he/she is able to read (using the AR Reading Levels)

C. Locate materials on a topic with assistance in the nonfiction collection

5. Reference collection

A. Encyclopedias

1. Locate the general encyclopedias in the reference collection

B. Dictionaries

1. Locate the primary dictionaries in the library media center

6. Use alphabetical order and guide words in dictionary work

A. Glossary

1. Know that a glossary is a small specific dictionary located in the back of many nonfiction books.

2. Use a glossary to confirm meaning of unknown words.

6. Periodicals

A. Know the library media center has materials other than books

B. Know that periodicals include magazines and newspapers

C. Know that periodicals come over a period of time

7. Audiovisual materials and equipment

A. Know that the library media center has materials other than printed material

B. Draw meaning from an audiovisual presentation

8. Evaluation and selection techniques

A. Choose books that he/she is able to read using the AR Reading Level

B. Choose books on subjects of interest and personal preference

C. Understand that there are various forms of literature

9. Parts of a book

A. Identify the cover

B. Identify the spine and spine label

C. Identify the title page

D. Identify the title author and illustrator

E. Identify the publisher, place of publication and copyright date

F. Identify the body or text

10. Listening and viewing skills

A. Attend to and understand the sights and sound of the instructional situation

B. Participate in a group discussion or other group activity

C. Recall, summarize, and paraphrase what is listened to and viewed

11. Literature appreciation

A. Develop an awareness of Caldecott Award winners

WRITING

1. Demonstrate the understanding of the writing process by:

A. Prewrite (brainstorm using a variety of graphic organizers)

B. Draft (First draft…)

C. Revise (Content)

D. Edit (Proofread and fix grammatical and spelling mistakes)

E. Publish (Final product)

F. Share

2. Develop a writing vocabulary and skills for using words correctly (dictionary, word wall….)

3. Develop a purpose for writing a paragraph that states a clear, main idea with supportive details using appropriate word choices and sentence structure keeping in mind the audience

4. Writes for the following purposes:

A. Journal/Diary

B. Charts

C. Creative writing (generate own topic or assigned topic)

D. Poetry

E. Book review/report (character, setting, main idea)

F. Advertisement

G. Narrative paragraph

H. Descriptive paragraph

I. Persuasive paragraph

J. Expository paragraph

K. Informative paragraph

L. Invitations

M. Cards

N. Notes

O. Directions

P. Recipes

Q. Messages

R. Friendly and persuasive letter including heading, greeting, body, closing, signatures

S. Write response that identifies text to self, to world or to text connection

HANDWRITING

1. Use good posture, appropriate paper slant, and traditional pencil grip

2. Print with functional speed and maintain legibility using correct letter form, height and size

3. Print words with appropriate spacing between letters

4. Print sentences with appropriate spacing between words

5. Print punctuation marks using correct form, height, size, and spacing

6. Evaluate own printing by referring to a model

MECHANICS – INCREASE STUDENT UNDERSTANDING AND USAGE OF:

1. Capitalization

A. Proper nouns

B. Initials in people's names

C. Titles

D. Streets

E. Days of the week

F. Months of the year

G. Greeting and closing of letter

H. Abbreviations (most)

2. Punctuation

A. Periods

B. Question mark

C. Exclamation mark

D. Commas

E. Quotation marks (dialogue)

F. Abbreviation points

G. Apostrophes (possessives, contractions)

H. Bold Print

I. Italics

J. Parenthesis

3. Grammar

A. Nouns & verbs (subject & predicate) agreement

B. Proper & common nouns

C. Pronouns

D. Adjectives & adverbs

E. Possessives

F. Conventional usage of grammar

G. Complete and incomplete sentences

H. Identify and write exclamatory, question/interrogative, statement/declarative, and imperative/command

SPELLING

1. Spells assigned words correctly

2. Use phonetic analysis/spelling rules

A. Consonants

B. Blends (str, bl, br…)

C. Digraphs (ch, sh….)

D. Diphthongs (oi, oy…)

E. Silent letters

F. Short and long vowel sounds

G. R Controlled vowels

H. Endings (s, ed, ing…)

I. Contractions

J. Suffixes, prefixes

K. Syllables

3. Use classroom materials as spelling references

4. Identify misspelled words in various contexts

LISTENING

1. Listen courteously to others

2. Listens attentively and participates appropriately

3. Listen for answers to specific questions and for specific purposes in response to nonfiction/fiction

4. Use appropriate "wait-time" (not interrupting) until ongoing conversation is complete

5. Listen for enjoyment and for specific purposes

6. Follow four step oral directions

7. Use responsive listening skills, such as retelling and asking questions, for elaboration and clarification

SPEAKING

1. Use language appropriately according to purpose, audience, & type of conversation

2. Stay on topic in conversation with peers and adults

3. Speak in class or small groups to:

A. Participate in conversations & discussions

B. Ask questions

C. Share information

D. State opinions

E. Give directions

F. Clarification and explanation

4. Use oral communication for various purposes with a developing sense of audience that incorporates appropriate volume, variety of word choices, appropriate grammar, vocabulary, and physical gestures

A. Role playing

B. Reciting poems

C. Choral reading

D. Plays

E. Story telling

F. Reports

5. Paraphrase information that has been shared orally

6. Retell stories or experiences that follow a logical sequence

VIEWING

1. Experience and express reaction to a range of visual media (film and drama)

2. Compare and contrast visual information with present knowledge and experience in order to understand and

evaluate

3. Gain information from illustrations, drama, models, maps, charts, diagrams, films, and videos

A. Determine main concept and supporting details within non-print media

4. Differentiate between real and imaginary in media presentations

Reading Benchmarks

Second Grade

Reading ISAT Vocabulary List

High Frequency Words

Given that it would be impossible to test every word that a 2^nd Grader can read, a sampling of common high frequency words is assessed at the end of each quarter. The lists we have chosen to use have been researched and are most of them are directly from our Scott Foresman textbook.

2^nd Grade Quarterly High Frequency Words

Grading Key:

90 – 100% = Y

<90 = N

1st	2^nd	3^rd
above	About	Always
again	After	Among
ago	Air	Angry
along	Alone	Basket
animals	Also	Beginning
any	Another	Below
bear	Answer	Between
beautiful	Around	Birthday
before	Asked	Borrow
bigger	Asleep	Both
book	Been	Boy
break	Before	Carry
bring	Behind	Climbed
brother	Believe	Close
build	Best	Cold
cared	Better	Color
certainly	Bought	doesn’t
city	Brought	don’t
clock	Buy	Ever
couldn’t	can’t	Example
country	Caught	Excited
didn’t	Change	Face
drink	Children	Fair
early	Chose	Favorite
either	Clothes	Field
enough	Company	First
every	Daughters	Food
everywhere	Dear	From
eyes	Different	Goes
family	Does	Group
father	Door	Happen
fire	Easy	Here
follow	Eating	Hear
found	Even	High
four	Every	Important
friend	Everybody	Last
front	Faraway